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Phrasal Verbs lernen – aber wie?
Englisch ist eine der komplexesten Sprachen, die man verstehen und in der man sich verständigen kann. Das liegt zum Teil an den Phrasal Verbs, also an zwei Wörtern, die zusammengesetzt eine völlig andere Bedeutung haben können, die sich von den ursprünglichen Wörtern unterscheidet. Zum Beispiel bedeutet die Definition von “pick”, etwas auszuwählen, zu bewegen oder zu entfernen; die Definition von “up” ist ein höherer Ort. Wenn Du jedoch “Pick-up” verwendest, bedeutet dies etwas völlig anderes. Aufheben bedeutet, etwas anzuheben oder zu greifen.
Die Definitionen von Englisch Phrasal Verbs können schwer zu erraten und ziemlich verwirrend zu verstehen sein. Der Schlüssel dazu ist, zu verstehen, was ein Phrasal Verb ist, wie es verwendet wird und wie man den Kontext zur Hilfe nimmt. Im Folgenden findest du einen grundlegenden Leitfaden für Phrasal Verbs in Englisch, der Dir den Einstieg in die Praxis erleichtern soll, wenn Du sie verwendest. Ebenfalls kannst du am Ende des Beitrags eine Englisch Phrasal Verbs Liste als PDF mit den deutschen Übersetzungen und den englischen Definitionen kostenlos herunterladen.
Was ein Phrasal Verb ist:
Ein Phrasal Verb ist eine Kombination aus einem normalen Verb und einem Adverb oder einer Präposition, die eine völlig neue Wortgruppe bildet, die auch als Phrasalverb bezeichnet wird. Die spezifische Definition eines Phrasalverbs hat in der Regel nichts mit den spezifischen Bedeutungen der Wörter zu tun, aus denen es sich zusammensetzt, so dass es manchmal einfacher ist, ein Phrasal verb als ein völlig anderes Wort zu betrachten.
Englisch Phrasal Verbs Beispiel
Term | Englische Definition | Deutsch |
get | defined as acquiring something | bekommen |
over | defined as being higher | über |
get over | defined as recovering from an illness or from feeling bad | überwinden / erholen |
Wie Phrasal Verbs verwendet werden
Phrasal Verbs werden in Sätzen fast überall verwendet, wo man auch ein normales Verb verwenden könnte. Phrasal Verbs können in jeder Form oder Zeitform verwendet werden. Wenn Phrasal Verbs als Hauptverb in einem Satz verwendet werden, wird nur das Verb konjugiert, und die anderen Wörter werden in Ruhe gelassen. Schauen wir uns einige Beispiele mit dem Phrasalverb “get over” an. Beachte, dass das Wort “get” konjugiert wird, während das Wort “over” unverändert bleibt.
| Zeit | Englisch | Deutsch | ||||||
| Simple past: | When the Zoo was closed my sister was upset, but she got over it. | Als der Zoo geschlossen wurde, war meine Schwester traurig, aber sie hat sich damit abgefunden. | ||||||
| Infinitiv: | She wrote a poem to help her get over her fear of public speaking. | Sie schrieb ein Gedicht, das ihr helfen sollte, ihre Angst vor öffentlichen Auftritten zu überwinden. | ||||||
| Gerund: | Getting over my feelings aren’t always easy. | Es ist nicht immer leicht, über meine Gefühle hinwegzukommen. | ||||||
| Participle: | Having finally gotten over the flu, my family was ready to travel. | Nachdem ich die Grippe endlich überwunden hatte, war meine Familie bereit zu reisen. | ||||||
Verschiedene Arten von Phrasal Verbs
Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Phrasal Verbs, transitive und intransitive sowie trennbare und untrennbare. Phrasal Verbs können zu einem der beiden Paare gehören, und alle trennbaren Phrasal Verbs sind transitiv. Schauen wir uns einige Beispiele an.
| Name | Beschreibung Englisch | Beschreibung Deutsch | Englischer Satz | Deutscher Satz | |||||||
| Transitive Phrasal Verb: | use a direct object, just like regular transitive verbs. | verwenden ein direktes Objekt, genau wie normale transitive Verben | Diane couldn’t put up with the barking dogs anymore. | Diane konnte das Bellen der Hunde nicht mehr ertragen. | |||||||
| Intransitive Phrasal Verb: | do not use a direct object | Es wird kein direktes Objekt verwendet | The manager was late, so the team went ahead without her. | Die Managerin verspätete sich, so dass das Team ohne sie weitermachte. | |||||||
| Separable Phrasal Verb: | where a direct object is in between the words | wenn ein direktes Objekt zwischen den Wörtern steht | If you’re going to the party, I can pick you up. | Wenn du zur Party gehst, kann ich dich abholen. | |||||||
| Inseperable Phrasal Verb: | where the words that make up the phrase can’t be split up and must be used together | wenn die Wörter, aus denen der Satz besteht, nicht getrennt werden können und zusammen verwendet werden müssen | We should carry on towards our goal. | Wir sollten weiter auf unser Ziel hinarbeiten. | |||||||
Phrasal Verbs lernen - Phrasal Verbs im Englischen verwenden:
Der beste Weg, Phrasal Verbs zu lernen, ist, sie wie Vokabeln zu behandeln und die Definitionen so vieler Phrasal Verbs wie möglich zu lernen, so wie Du es mit jedem anderen Wort, Satz oder jeder Redewendung tun würdest. Übe anschließend die Verwendung Deiner Phrasal Verbs im Gespräch mit anderen.
Englisch Phrasal Verbs Liste
| English | Sentence | German | Definition |
| break down | My car broke down on my way to work. | kaputt gehen | to stop working without any functionality |
| bring up | It was not a good idea to bring up this topic during the meeting. | etwas ansprechen | to start to talk about a particular subject |
| beat up | The children admitted that it was a mistake beating up the younger children. | verprügeln | to hurt someone badly by hitting or kicking them repeatedly |
| blow up | The car blew up after having crashed. | explodieren | to destroy something or kill someone with a bomb, or to be destroyed or killed by a bomb |
| bump into | Tell Andreas my regards next time you bump into him. | zufällig treffen | to meet someone you know when you have not planned to meet them – see also other meaning |
| come across | I came across some old pictures while I was tidying up the living room. | auf etwas oder jemanden stoßen | to find something by chance or to meet someone by chance – see also other meaning |
| come across | The new boss came across as quite ignorant. | rüberkommen | to behave in a way that makes people believe that you have a particular characteristic – see also other meaning |
| carry on | Please carry on with the work. | weitermachen | to continue doing something, or to cause something to continue |
| drop out | He dropped out of French class because it was too hard to learn all the vocabulary. | aufhören | to not do something that you were going to do, or to stop doing something before you have completely finished |
| drop by | Why don’t you drop by next time when you are in the area. | vorbeikommen | to visit someone |
| find out | I would really like to find out who was responsible for the disaster. | herausfinden | to discover, especially where a thing or person is, either unexpectedly or by searching |
| get out | He quickly got out of the car and ran away. | herauskommen | to leave a closed vehicle, building, etc. |
| give away | Tobias gave away his old shoes because he had bought himself new ones. | verschenken / weggeben | to give something to someone that you do not need or want |
| end up | If you don’t slow down you will end up in hospital. | enden | to finally be in a particular place or situation |
| get by | It was really a wonder how he could get by with so litte money. | auskommen | to be able to live or deal with a situation with difficulty, usually by having just enough |
| get over | It took him quite a while to get over his illness. | überwinden | to get better after an illness, or feel better after something or someone has made you unhappy |
| get along | The two children don’t know each other for long but they are really getting along well. | auskommen | If two or more people get along, they like each other and are friendly to each other |
| get rid of | We need to get rid of these old pants. | los werden | to throw something away |
| go over | Could we just go over the test report? | etwas durchgehen | to examine or look at something in a careful or detailed way |
| grow up | He grew up in a poor neighborhood. | aufwachsen | to gradually become an adult |
| give up | He didn’t want to give up. | aufgeben | to stop doing something before you have finished it, usually because it is too difficult |
| go out | Paul and Sarah are going out together. | ausgehen | to have a romantic and usually sexual relationship with someone |
| hang out | Maybe you have some time available so we can hang out together? | abhängen | to spend a lot of time in a place or with someone |
| hurry up | We need to hurry up with the project because we are already too late. | sich beeilen | to move or do things more quickly than normal or to make someone do this |
| make out | I really have to try and make out what he meant by that. | etwas verstehen | to see, hear, or understand something or someone with difficulty – see also other meanings |
| make up | You shouldn’t believe him. He has the habbit of making things up. | etwas erfinden | to invent something, such as an excuse or a story, often in order to deceive |
| mess up | The children always mess up their rooms when they play. | unordnung bringen | to make something dirty or untidy – see other meaning |
| mess up | He really messed up with that project so he had to leave. | etwas vermasseln | to spoil or damage something, or to do something wrong or badly |
| show up | All of a sudden she showed up, when nobody had expected her. | aufkreuzen | to arrive somewhere in order to join a group of people, especially late or unexpectedly |
| pass out | He passed out on his way to the hospital. | unmächtig werden | to become unconscious for a short time, for example when ill, badly hurt, or drunk |
| pissed off | The boss was really pissed off with some of his workers. | sauer sein | to be really angry about something |
| put off | You shouldn’t put off going to the doctor. | etwas verschieben | to decide or arrange to delay an event or activity until a later time or date |
| put up with | He couldn’t put up with her talking anymore. | etwas ertragen | to accept or continue to accept an unpleasant situation or experience, or someone who behaves unpleasantly |
| put on | Please put on your shoes Leo. | etwas anziehen | to cover part of the body with clothes, shoes, make-up, or something similar – see also other meaning |
| put out | In order to see the glowing starts at night we need to put out the light. | aus machen | to make a light stop shining by pressing or moving a switch |
| run into | I have just ran into James. He says hello. | über den weg laufen | to meet someone you know when you are not expecting to – see also other meaning |
| run out | He had run out of bank notes, so he had to pay with coins. | ausgehen | to finish, use, or sell all of something, so that there is none left |
| take off | He took off his shoes because he didn’t want to make the floor dirty. | ausziehen | to remove something, especially clothes – see also other meaning |
| turn down | He had to turn down the offer because of his health. | etwas ablehnen | to refuse an offer or request – see also other meaning |
| turn down | Please turn down the music. I am trying to concentrate | leiser machen | to make the music or TV quieter |
| work out | I work out 2 times a week. | Sportübungen machen | to do sports and exercises – see also other meaning |
| work out | We have to work out a new strategy for sales. | etwas erarbeiten | to understand something or to find the answer to something by thinking about it |
| watch out | Watch out for the big flies here. | vorsichtig sein | the activity of watching carefully and looking for someone or something |
| wake up | He woke up at 6 AM because he could no longer sleep. | aufwachen | to finish sleeping |
| call in | Why don’t you call in when your nearby and we’ll have a cup of coffee. | jemanden besuchen | to make a short visit to a person or place – see also other meaning |
| call in | I have to call in to let them know that I will be a few minutes later. | anrufen | to phone somewhere, especially the place where you work – see also other meaning |
| butt in | Excuse me, I need to butt in there.. | jemanden unterbrechen | to rudely interrupt a conversation or someone who is speaking |
| buy up | Our mother company bought us up last year. | etwas aufkaufen | to quickly buy as much as you can of something |
| chew on | I need a couple of days to chew on that decision. | über etwas nachdenken | to think about a question, problem or idea carefully |
| ease off / up | The rain began to ease off after weeks. | nachlassen | to gradually become less painful, difficult or unpleasant – see also other meaning |
| ease out | The colleague was eased out of his job. | jemanden rausekeln | to gradually force someone to leave their job or position of authority |
| engage in | The two countries have agreed to engage in a dialogue to resolve the matter. | an etwas teilnehmen | to be involved in something, especially something that continues for a long time |
| fade away | As the years went by, the pictures faded away. | schwinden / abklingen | to gradually become less loud or clear and then disappear, also to gradually become less likely or strong |
| give in | After hours of arguing he finally gave in. | nachgeben | to finally agree to something you were unwilling to agree to before – see also other meaning |
| give in | He had to give in to the defeat. | Niederlage zugeben | to accept that you have been defeated – see also other meaning |
| hand in | I handed in my notice the other day. Now I need a new job. | einhändigen | to give something to someone in authority so that they can have it or deal with it – see also other meaning |
| hand out | I am going to hand out the necessary documents. | aushändigen | to give something to each person in a group or place |
| take after | You really take after your father. He was always that loud as well. | nachkommen | to be similar to an older member of your family in appearance or character |
| pick up | I am going to pick you up from the airport so you don’t need to take the train. | jemanden aufsammeln | to collect, or to go and get, someone or something – see also other meanings |
| pick up | While I was on holiday in Greece I picked up a few Greek words. | etwas neues lernen | to learn a new skill or language by practising it rather than being taught it – see also other meanings |
Um mit dem Lernen von Phrasal Verbs zu beginnen, kannst du HIER eine Phrasal Verb Liste als PDF mit deutschen Übersetzungen herunterladen, die die 50 am häufigsten verwendeten Phrasal Verbs, ihre Definitionen und Satzbeispiele enthält. Außerdem kannst du dir das Video zu diesem Blog-Beitrag ansehen, damit Du die Phrasal Verbs in normaler Sprache hörst und dir die richtige Aussprache anhören kannst.
